Impaired liver or renal function, severe GI disorders, porphyria, psoriasis, neurological disorders especially a history of epilepsy, myasthenia gravis, G6PD deficiency, pregnancy, lactation. Monitor CBC in patients receiving prolonged therapy. Perform baseline and periodic 6-mth eye exams, test periodically for muscle weakness.
Lactation: Drug is concentrated in breast milk (American Academy of Pediatrics committee states that it is compatible with nursing)
Indication
Acute and chronic rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Malaria
Contra Indication
The presence of retinal or visual field changes attributable to any 4-aminoquinoline compound, patients with known hypersensitivity to 4-aminoquinoline compounds, long term therapy in children.
Dose
N/A
Side Effect
Retinopathy, hair loss, photosensitivity, tinnitus, myopathy (long-term therapy). Psychosis, seizures, leucopenia and rarely aplastic anaemia, hepatitis, GI upsets, dizziness, hypokalaemia, headache, pruritus, urticaria, difficulty in visual accommodation. Loss of hair, bleaching of hair pigment, bluish-black pigmentation of the mucous membranes and skin, photosensitivity, tinnitus, reduced hearing, nerve deafness, neuromyopathy, and myopathy, including cardiomyopathy.
Pregnancy Category
Name :
C
Description
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks
Mode of Action
Hydroxychloroquine is a 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial with actions similar to those of chloroquine but is mainly used in the treatment of SLE and rheumatoid arthritis. It interferes with digestive vacuole function within susceptible malarial parasites by increasing pH and interrupting with lysosomal degradation of Hb thus impeding normal cell function of sensitive parasites.
Interaction
Cimetidine may increase serum levels of hydroxychloroquine. Its absorption may be decreased by kaolin or Mg trisilicate. Avoid digoxin and alcohol. Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias when used with halofantrine. Concurrent use with mefloquine may increase the risk of convulsions.
Pregnancy Category Note
N/A
Adult Dose
Oral
Malaria
Acute treatment
800 mg PO, then 400 mg PO 6-8 hours later, then 400 mg PO at 24 and 48 hours
Prophylaxis
400 mg PO weekly, starting 2 weeks before exposure and continued for 4 weeks after departure from area
Rheumatoid Arthritis
400-600 mg PO daily for 4-12 weeks; maintenance: 200-400 mg PO daily
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
400 mg PO once or twice daily; maintenance: 200-400 mg PO daily
Hepatic impairment: Estimation of plasma hydroxychloroquine levels to be undertaken in patients with severely compromised function and dosage adjusted accordingly.
Child Dose
Malaria
Acute treatment
13 mg/kg base PO, then 6.5 mg/kg base PO 6 hr later, then 6.5 mg/kg base PO at 24 and 48 hours; not to exceed 400 mg/day base
Prophylaxis
6.5 mg/kg base (not to exceed 400 mg [310 mg base]) PO weekly, starting 2 weeks before exposure and continued for 4 weeks after departure from area
Renal Dose
Renal impairment: Estimation of plasma hydroxychloroquine levels to be undertaken in patients with severely compromised function and dosage adjusted accordingly.
Administration
Should be taken with food.
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The information provided herein are for informational purposes only and not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please note that this information should not be treated as a replacement for physical medical consultation or advice. Great effort has been placed to provide accurate and comprehensive data. However, Medicart along with its authors and editors make no representations or warranties and specifically disclaim all liability for any medical information provided on the site. The absence of any information and/or warning to any drug shall not be considered and assumed as an implied assurance of the Company.